Debian Ports Installation

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= Installation of PA-RISC Linux  =
 
= Installation of PA-RISC Linux  =
  
HPPA became an officially supported Debian architecture in release 3.0 (woody) and was dropped as of stable release 6.0 (squeeze). That's the reason that the latest available official installation CDs are available for Debian 5.0 (lenny) only.
+
[[File:Sibaris.jpg|thumb|400px|In the middle you see our HP C8000 machine (sibaris) which acts as Debian buildd server and currently builds most of the hppa packages. An overview of all our build servers is at http://unstable.buildd.net/index-hppa.html]]
  
The Debian ports project hosts a parisc version of debian unstable. Today the recommended installation of a new parisc machine is via the debian-ports unstable respository at http://debian-ports.org
+
HPPA became an officially supported Debian architecture in release 3.0 (woody) and was dropped as of stable release 6.0 (squeeze).
 +
That's the reason that the latest available official installation CDs are available for Debian 5.0 (lenny) only.
  
== RECOMMENDED: New installation media (Debian unstable via debian-ports) ==
+
The Debian ports project hosts a parisc version of debian unstable.
 +
Today the recommended installation of a new parisc machine is via the debian-ports unstable respository at http://debian-ports.org as described in the following section.
  
The latest installation media to directly install Debian unstable is available for download here:
+
If you want to install debian the hard way with many manual steps, you can read the instructions at [[Debian_Ports_Installation_Manual]].
* http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian-cd/hppa/lifimage (LIF Image file, which can be booted directly via network/disk/...), or
+
  
With this "lifimage" file you can:
+
== Installation of Debian unstable via debian-ports repository ==
* either burn it to a CD, or
+
* boot it via tftpboot/bootp, or
+
* use "dd" to copy it to an empty hard disc drive and tell IPL to boot from it.
+
  
Notes:
+
The latest installation medias for Debian unstable is available at either one of the following locations:
* If your machine is behind a firewall, change the Linux kernel command line at the IPL command prompt:  
+
# http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian-cd/hppa/debian-8.0/
  mirror/http/proxy=http://proxy:8080  (adjust the proxy settings to your need and drop the underscores)
+
# http://backup.parisc-linux.org/debian-cd/
* In case you installed via serial port, you need to uncomment the getty lines in /etc/inittab and run "kill -HUP 1" to get a login prompt on the monitor:
+
# http://parisc.osuosl.org/debian-cd/
  1:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty1
+
# http://ftp.nz.parisc-linux.org/debian-cd/ (Debian 9 & 10 NZ mirror)
* On a C8000 workstation you need to install via serial console. ATI graphics drivers are not yet in the boot kernel of the installation media.
+
# http://ftp.ports.debian.org/debian-ports/pool-hppa/main/d/debian-installer/ (latest Netboot images)
* If asked to "Continue the install without loading kernel modules?" choose YES
+
* The loading of the udev-udeb package will fail during installation. Just ignore this.
+
  
== Installation of a PARISC machine via repository on http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian ==
+
In those directories you find (you need to download only one of those):
* '''''*NOTE:* On PA8800/PA8900 and some PA8700 CPUs you may see kernel messages like: INEQUIVALENT ALIASES 0x40288000 and 0x40289000 in file xxx.so. Just ignore this. Those messages are printed because the lifimage is based on older binaries which would need to be rebuilt.'''''
+
* lifimage file, used for tftp/netbooting the installation
 +
* debian-8.0-hppa-NETINST-1.iso, ISO image to burn to a CD/DVD for booting
 +
* debian-8.0-hppa-CD-1.iso, full ISO image with all packages for booting via CD/DVD
  
*Download the temporary boot image from http://debian-ports.org/~deller/DEBIAN_PORTS_HPPA_BOOTIMAGE/lifimage
+
'''Installation instructions'''
*Burn the image to a cdrom *or* make it available as tftp bootimage, *or* if you have a spare disc drive in the machine you can just "dd" this image (e.g. "dd if=lifimage of=/dev/sdb") to this drive and boot from it.
+
* Instructions to burn the ISO image on a Mac: https://discussions.apple.com/thread/5132196
*Turn on your parisc machine and boot this media (via cdrom or tftp)
+
* '''IMPORTANT: ''' If your machine has a DVD-drive, you should better burn the image to a DVD disc. The first-generation DVD-drives in some older PA-RISC machines may have problems booting from e.g. a CD-RW so you may get this error message: ''IPL error: bad LIF magic.''
*This bootimage contains all tools (32- and 64bit bootkernel, fdisk, debootstrap, scp, ...) to bootstrap a new debian unstable machine.
+
* Those images should work on all machines, with 32- and 64bit kernels. Installation of a C8000 workstation needs to happen via serial console since the install image will not activate the ATI graphics card. After installation the ATI cards will work in non-accelerated mode though. 
 +
* If your machine is behind a firewall, enter the proxy at the IPL command line the Linux kernel command line (change parameter 7):
 +
  mirror/http/proxy=http://proxy:8080  (adjust the proxy settings to your need and drop the underscores)
 +
* Choose the automatic disc partitioning, unless you know all details about disc partitions for PA-RISC (e.g. PALO bootloader needs ext2).
 +
* The palo bootloader needs to reside on a SCSI disc. The installer will detect SATA discs and will not complain if you install to a SATA disc!
 +
* At the "Software selection" screen,
 +
** for the debian 7.0 disc: do not enable any software other than "SSH server" . You can install additional software later!
 +
** for the debian 8.0 disc: You can choose to install the KDE-, LXDE-, MATE- or Xfce desktops, SSH, web- and print server. Do not choose to install the GNOME desktop since it will fail (we are still having problems to compile a recent-enough iceweasel on hppa!).
 +
* for the debian 7.0 disc:
 +
** When the installation finished, do not press "Continue" to reboot the machine, but instead choose "Go Back" and then in the main menu choose to execute a shell. In the shell type the following command to enable serial console (needed e.g. for boot console on GSP):
 +
  echo "T0:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100" >> /target/etc/inittab
 +
** Type "exit" to quit the shell and return to the main menu.
 +
** In the main menu choose to "Finish the installation" and let it reboot the machine.
  
*use fdisk to partition your disk. Create a palo partition first (fdisk type f0, size >= 50 MB), then a /boot partition (needs to be in the first 2GB of a disk, ext2, fdisk type 83). A good size for the boot partition is 200-400 MB. Then create a root partition (any size) and a swap partition. Here is an example what "fdisk -l" could report (The Start and End sectors here are just examples. They can be different on your system) If you have multiple drives and would like to put your '/home', '/var', or other partition (including extra swap space) on a second internal drive, you may set them up accordingly with 'fdisk /dev/sdb' (or whatever drive is suitable):
+
'''Notes:'''
<pre>
+
* Debian installer seem to use the well-known screen utility to implement multiple tabs on a serial console, so use its key combinations to switch tabs: Ctrl+A, then 1-4
  Device Boot      Start        End      Blocks  Id  System
+
* When asked for Network mirror with the 10.0 installer, give '''ftp.ports.debian.org''' and '''/debian-ports/'''. (Avoidable when this Bug gets resolved: https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=879130).
/dev/sda1            2048      165887      81920  f0  Linux/PA-RISC boot
+
* After reboot add this line to /etc/apt/sources.list and run '''apt-get update''':
/dev/sda2          165888      247807      40960  83  Linux
+
  deb http://ftp.ports.debian.org/debian-ports unstable main
/dev/sda3          247808  142854143    71303168  83  Linux
+
* After reboot the sshd daemon will not accept password-logins for root. You need to log in as the user which you created during installation and then become root via "su -". To change this sshd behaviour, edit '''/etc/ssh/sshd_config''' file and change the value of '''PermitRootLogin to yes''' (not recommended!).
/dev/sda4      142854144  143374737      260297  82  Linux swap / Solaris
+
* Install latest archive keys, and configure timezone and locales:
</pre>
+
** '''apt-get install debian-ports-archive-keyring''' - to receive the latest debian ports archive keys (avoids this warning: ''W: GPG error: http://ftp.debian-ports.org unstable InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY AA651E74623DB0B8 or A53AB45AC448326E'')
* format the /boot, /root, /home, etc. and swap partitions. We give those partitions a name (BOOT/ROOT/HOME/(etc.)) to make it easier. You may also assign labels to your swap partitions to make sure the OS sees them properly and to make it easier to setup /etc/fstab (explained later), e.g. mkswap -L SWAP0 or SWAP1, etc.
+
** '''dpkg-reconfigure locales'''
<pre>
+
** '''dpkg-reconfigure tzdata'''
mke2fs -L BOOT /dev/sda2
+
* We are happy to hear from you, if you installed PA-RISC Linux on your machine. Please send us a short mail to [mailto:debian-hppa@lists.debian.org debian-hppa@lists.debian.org]. Thanks!
mke2fs -j -L ROOT /dev/sda3
+
* If you install on a HP 712 workstation you may need the kernel option "hp_sdc.no_hpsdc=1" to [https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=787794 avoid an endless loop of "HP SDC: Transaction add failed: transaction already queued ?" messages]
mke2fs -j -L HOME /dev/sdb1 ...and so on.
+
mkswap /dev/sda4 or mkswap -L SWAP0
+
</pre>
+
* Now, bring up your network. If you have a dhcp server you can run dhclient
+
<pre>
+
dhclient eth0
+
</pre>
+
* Mount the newly designed /root, /boot, /home, and other necessary filesystems to /mnt/destroot, /mnt/destroot/boot, /mnt/destroot/home, etc.:
+
<pre>
+
mount LABEL=ROOT /mnt/destroot/
+
mkdir /mnt/destroot/boot
+
mount LABEL=BOOT /mnt/destroot/boot/
+
  then mkdir /mnt/destroot/home and any other filesystems that need to be mounted at the next boot, e.g.:
+
  mount LABEL=HOME /mnt/destroot/home/, etc.
+
</pre>
+
* '''IMPORTANT!''': If you are behind a proxy server, you will need to create a /root/.wgetrc file and export the proxy setting on the command line. Here is an example:
+
<pre>
+
export http_proxy=http://proxy:8080
+
echo "http_proxy=$http_proxy" > /root/.wgetrc
+
echo "use_proxy = on" >> /root/.wgetrc
+
</pre>
+
* Now run debootstrap. Make sure to add the palo bootloader as one additional package to install. This may take some time... (on a fast machine ~10-20 minutes, on a slow machine like B180L ~1-2 hours, and depending on your network connection speed):
+
<pre>
+
debootstrap --arch=hppa --no-check-gpg --include=palo unstable  /mnt/destroot http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian/
+
</pre>
+
* create an empty 'palo.conf' file:
+
<pre>
+
touch /mnt/destroot/etc/palo.conf
+
</pre>
+
* '''IMPORTANT!''': If you install via GSP console or via a serial console, please remember to un-comment the following line in '''/etc/inittab''' or you won't see a login prompt on the serial console after bootup (kill -HUP 1 activates the change):
+
<pre>
+
echo "T0:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100" >> /mnt/destroot/etc/inittab
+
</pre>
+
* '''IMPORTANT!''': Remember to set your new root password and add LABEL=BOOT as /boot partition and also set your hostname.
+
<pre>
+
echo "LABEL=ROOT    /      ext3 defaults 1 1" >> /mnt/destroot/etc/fstab
+
echo "LABEL=BOOT    /boot  ext2 defaults 1 1" >> /mnt/destroot/etc/fstab
+
echo "LABEL=HOME    /home  ext3 defaults 0 2" >> /mnt/destroot/etc/fstab
+
echo "LABEL=SWAP0    none  swap sw,pri=3 0 0" >> /mnt/destroot/etc/fstab
+
..and so forth for other necessary partitions.
+
  
(You may also use 'nano' to edit /mnt/destroot/etc/fstab directly if desired)
+
'''IMPORTANT NOTE (only for the debian 7.0 installer image)'''
 +
* NEVER install the policykit-1 package or another one which will give you the following warning. It will render your machine unbootable!
 +
The following packages will be REMOVED:
 +
  sysvinit-core
  
chroot /mnt/destroot
+
* The debian 8.0 installer image does successfully installs systemd if you like.
passwd root
+
<enter your new password for the 'root' user>
+
Type 'exit' to get out of the chroot.
+
  
echo "your hostname" >> /mnt/destroot/etc/hostname and edit /mnt/destroot/etc/hosts
+
== How to disable systemd and switch to sysvinit ==
</pre>
+
* You are now finished with the initial initialization of the filesystem.
+
* You may now run the blkid command to take a look at your partitions.
+
<pre>
+
blkid
+
</pre>
+
* Now reboot again from the CD/TFTP and choose to interact with IPL.
+
<pre>
+
reboot now
+
<nowiki> <wait...> </nowiki>
+
Interact with IPL (Y, N, or Cancel)?> y
+
</pre>
+
* Press "1" to change the "initrd=0/ramdisk" line, replace this line by "root=/dev/sda3" (look at the output of blkid above):
+
<pre>
+
root=/dev/sda3
+
</pre>
+
* and then press "b" to boot this configuration.
+
* The machine should now have booted into the shell on /dev/sda3. If you see that it booted up, but you don't get a login shell, then you forgot to enable the serial terminal (see the IMPORTANT section with the "getty" line above!)
+
* Login as 'root' with your new password. You can use tools like blkid, mount and such to see if everything is correct.
+
* Install the most recent 32- or 64-bit Linux kernel and install the palo bootloader (See networking bug workaround below):
+
* First of all: make sure the boot partition is mounted correctly
+
<pre>
+
mount LABEL=BOOT /boot
+
</pre>
+
* Networking bug Work-around: Due to a minor bug, networking doesn't start automatically, and the RSA keys for debian-ports.org are not available. Here is the current solution (you may need to set the proxy environment variables like described above!):
+
<pre>
+
Type 'dhclient eth0' to re-start the network
+
  
then: gpg --recv-keys AA651E74623DB0B8 --keyserver http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian
+
Debian 8 installs systemd by default. There is no way around it.
  
(It will error out the first time, so just run the above command again and it will import keys.)
+
So, if you want to switch back to sysvinit, e.g. if you do kernel developement without initrd, then first install Debian as described above. After the first boot follow those steps and finally reboot again.
 +
# apt-get install sysvinit-core sysvinit sysvinit-utils
 +
# if you are running on serial console, either make sure that a getty gets started on the ttyS0 device in /etc/inittab, or run this command:
 +
echo "T0:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100" >> /target/etc/inittab
  
then: gpg --export --armor 623DB0B8 | apt-key add -
+
Futher instructions are on this external website:
 +
[http://without-systemd.org/wiki/index.php/How_to_remove_systemd_from_a_Debian_jessie/sid_installation How to remove systemd from a Debian jessie/sid installation]
  
Now you can successfully run - 'apt-get update' and
+
== Upgrade the kernel to latest stable kernel ==
apt-get install openssh-server locales console-setup debian-ports-archive-keyring
+
dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
+
dpkg-reconfigure locales
+
dpkg-reconfigure console-setup
+
</pre>
+
* and select your new kernel...
+
<pre>
+
apt-get install linux-image-parisc64-smp  # for a 64bit SMP kernel
+
(or)
+
apt-get install linux-image-parisc        # for a 32bit UP kernel
+
</pre>
+
* Don't forget to set up your symlinks in /boot
+
<pre>
+
cd /boot
+
ln -s initrd* initrd.img
+
ln -s vmlinux* vmlinux
+
</pre>
+
* Now you can run the palo configuration:
+
<pre>
+
palo --init-partitioned=/dev/sda -k/boot/vmlinux -r/boot/initrd.img --commandline="2/vmlinux initrd=2/initrd.img root=LABEL=ROOT rootfstype=ext3  HOME=/ panic_timeout=60 panic=-1"
+
</pre>
+
  
* '''Reboot now and HPPA Linux should now load from the hard drive.'''
+
After installation an old Linux kernel like 4.16 is installed.
 +
Newer Linux kernels run much more stable and faster.<br>
 +
To upgrade to the latest kernel, make sure you have this additional entry in /etc/apt/sources.list:
 +
deb http://ftp.ports.debian.org/debian-ports unstable main
  
* At this time you can install a couple handy utilities to make sure your network always starts on boot. First run: nano /etc/network/interfaces and add the following lines. Do this for any additional interfaces leaving a blank line between each one.
+
Then follow this steps:
<pre>
+
# Run "apt update"
auto lo
+
# You may run "apt search ^linux-image" to find available kernels
iface lo inet loopback (This brings up the local loopback network 'lo' on system boot)
+
# Run "apt install linux-image-parisc64/unstable"  (or linux-image-parisc/unstable for a 32-bit kernel)
iface eth0 inet dhcp  (This will bring up eth0 when the system is booted.. (don't add
+
# Make sure that /boot/vmlinux and /boot/initrd.img points to the new kernel and initrd
</pre>
+
# Reboot
* Re-start your network:
+
<pre>
+
dhclient eth0
+
</pre>
+
 
+
* For more detailed networking info, look [http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch05.en.html#_the_basic_network_infrastructure HERE].
+
 
+
* Now add more packages and have fun!
+
 
+
--[[User:Dave Land|Dave Land]] ([[User talk:Dave Land|talk]]) 13:48, 14 January 2014 (UTC)
+
 
+
== Old installation medias (Debian Lenny) ==
+
 
+
If you have an older parisc system (not a c8000!), you may use the Debian Lenny installation media to upgrade. (Note that as of 2/2014 this doesn't seem to work - see below)
+
 
   
 
   
* Download one of the installation medias for Debian 5.0 (lenny) for parisc from the following location:
+
== Technical background of the install images ==
 
+
* [http://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/archive/5.0.10/hppa/iso-cd/ official debian cdimage download link]
+
 
+
* The debian-5010-hppa-netinst.iso or the debian-5010-hppa-xfce+lxde-CD-1.iso may work.
+
 
+
* Install Debian Linux. It's recommended to just install a minimalistic set of packages at this stage, since everything will be updated later to debian-unstable anyway. Furthermore, every installed package may prevent you from easily upgrading.
+
* After installation you should upgrade to debian-unstable via the debian-ports repository:
+
* Modify your /etc/apt/sources.list file to have this content:
+
<pre>
+
deb http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian unstable main
+
# For unstable sources, if you want to compile yourself:
+
deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free 
+
</pre>
+
* '''Important!''' Make sure you run a recent Linux kernel, at least 2.6.32. If possible upgrade to at least kernel 3.9 which seems to be the most stable release.
+
* A very good set of documenation which covers PARISC specifics (e.g. PARISC bootloader and firmware) is available at http://www.pateam.org/parisc-linux-boot/doc.html.
+
* Packages in the debian-ports repository are signed. You can bypass this temporarily using the following: (This will instruct apt to pull the latest package list.)
+
<pre>
+
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated update
+
</pre>
+
* To upgrade your packages:
+
<pre>
+
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated upgrade
+
</pre>
+
* You might want to get the latest version of the debian-ports-archive-keyring and a few other important packages if you don't already have them:
+
<pre>
+
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install openssh-server locales debian-ports-archive-keyring
+
</pre>
+
* ...and then set your current locale
+
<pre>
+
dpkg-reconfigure locales
+
</pre>
+
 
+
'''Re-boot Now'''
+
 
+
* If you run into issues during upgrading packages, e.g. by strange dependency problems, it's often helpful to just un-install some packages.
+
 
+
* Finally, you should be able to update/upgrade most packages & your kernel to a more recent (unstable) version. If you're missing some packages, please drop us an email on the mailing list [http://lists.debian.org/debian-hppa HERE].
+
 
+
 
+
== Old installation medias (Debian Lenny) - notes by Tom Hogland <thogland@alaskatech.org> ==
+
 
+
This was written from notes taken while installing Debian on a C180. It refused to use the lifimage (as of Feb 2014) so I used the Lenny (5.0.10) CD method (specifically the full Lenny CD1). Note that the above section of the wiki is slightly out of date - there are packages needed that aren't accessible any longer, old repositories missing, etc. You can no longer (2/2014) install Lenny, then change repositories and upgrade to unstable due to missing dependencies. We need to install Lenny, then use debian-archive repositories (and a little creative use of wget in debian-snapshots and debian-backports) to allow us to upgrade things enough to actually use the latest unstable sources.
+
 
+
The hurdles here are that 1) we need at least dpkg 1.15 to read *any* even remotely new packages, and 2) we need a 2.6.32 kernel running to update libc6 enough to install the latest packages. Lenny has neither of them, and the normal debian sources no longer have Lenny-era packages available. So, we use archive.debian.org and debian-snapshot to get what we need.
+
 
+
I'd highly recommend having another system nearby to reference the install instructions. I kept a laptop next to the console so I could use Google, reference the wiki, etc. Once Lenny is installed, moving to a SSH session is MUCH easier - you can cut/paste into it, rather than typing all the download names.
+
 
+
To upgrade from Debian Lenny 5.0.10 to debian-ports.org unstable:
+
 
+
From console:
+
Follow parisc.wiki.kernel.org for basic Lenny install. DON'T install any 'roles' when prompted - de-select the 'standard system' role. Everything installed at this point causes problems later. DAMHIK...
+
Install openssh-server (and suggested).
+
 
+
(Move to working system with a browser and SSH in - there's several manual downloads, and cut/paste is your friend, not the console... )
+
 
+
Add new sources to the end of /etc/apt/sources.list:
+
 
+
<pre>
+
deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-backports/ lenny-backports main contrib non-free
+
deb http://archive.debian.org/debian/ lenny main contrib non-free
+
</pre>
+
(this gets *everything* in lenny into your package list, not just the CD)
+
 
+
<pre>
+
apt-get update/apt-get upgrade/apt-get dist-upgrade
+
</pre>
+
(should be nothing or not much)
+
 
+
Download these using wget:
+
<pre>
+
http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian-snapshot/2013-08-01/pool-hppa/main/d/dpkg/dpkg_1.15.8.10_hppa.deb
+
http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian-snapshot/2013-08-01/pool-hppa/main/x/xz-utils/liblzma2_5.0.0-2_hppa.deb
+
http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian-snapshot/2013-08-01/pool-hppa/main/x/xz-utils/xz-utils_5.0.0-2_hppa.deb
+
</pre>
+
(Note that these may change - you may have to browse in debian-snapshot to find a current path.)
+
 
+
Install in this order: 'dpkg -i liblzma2*.deb xz-utils*.deb dpkg*.deb'
+
 
+
Download these using wget:
+
<pre>
+
http://archive.debian.org/debian-backports/pool/main/l/linux-2.6/linux-base_2.6.32-35~bpo50+1_all.deb
+
http://archive.debian.org/debian-backports/pool/main/l/linux-2.6/linux-image-2.6.32-bpo.4-parisc_2.6.32-11~bpo50+1_hppa.deb
+
(or parisc-smp, parisc64, parisc64-smp for linux-image - pick appropriately for your system)
+
</pre>
+
 
+
To install:
+
<pre>
+
apt-get install libuuid-perl (needed for new kernel)
+
dpkg -i linux-base*.deb linux-image*.deb
+
</pre>
+
 
+
There may be a few errors, but everything should still install cleanly.
+
 
+
Reboot - you should have a base system with kernel 2.6.32 and SSH server.
+
 
+
Add unstable source from wiki to /etc/apt/sources.list:
+
<pre>
+
deb http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian unstable main
+
</pre>
+
 
+
Note - at some point after here you may start getting locale errors, and that it's falling back to using 'C'. Shouldn't break anything, and we'll fix it later.
+
 
+
Now, according to the docs, we should fix the 'unauthenticated source' error like this:
+
 
+
<pre>
+
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated update
+
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install debian-ports-archive-keyring
+
</pre>
+
(this downloads 30+MB of updates plus the 17kb file you asked for)
+
 
+
An error occurs here about an old ldconfig, and apt disables ldconfig with message "don't worry - we'll install a new libc-bin and it'll fix everything". Right after, things stop with errors, since libc-bin isn't what's being installed, and having no ldconfig is A Bad Thing(tm).
+
 
+
So we fix it:
+
 
+
<pre>
+
cd /var/cache/apt/archive
+
apt-get download libc-bin
+
dpkg -x libc-bin*.deb libcbin/
+
cp libcbin/sbin/ldconfig* /sbin/
+
apt-get -f install (lots of errors, but gets past them)
+
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install debian-ports-archive-keyring (try again - and fails again)
+
apt-get -f install
+
</pre>
+
 
+
More stuff installs, and now you'll start to get messages that there's extra unneeded packages. Ignore it - we've got other issues still...
+
 
+
The next error is that user 'libuuid' exists already... this breaks the libuuid1 upgrade and stops the install. Not sure where it happened, but we'll fix it...
+
 
+
<pre>
+
deluser libuuid
+
apt-get -f install (no more errors!)
+
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install debian-ports-archive-keyring (yes, again - still not installed yet. Works this time though)
+
</pre>
+
 
+
Here I started getting errors that the Release file for lenny-backports is expired. There's a few options to fix it - you can use 'apt-get -o Acquire::Check-Valid-Until=false update', or ignore it, or even remove lenny-backports from your sources.list - I ignored it.
+
 
+
And, finally...
+
 
+
<pre>
+
apt-get update
+
apt-get upgrade (100+ packages)
+
(I got a ldd error here during install of initrd-tools - had to run 'apt-get install --reinstall libc-bin' and it cleared up)
+
apt-get upgrade (nothing)
+
</pre>
+
 
+
At this point, since the fixing is  mostly done, I did 'apt-get autoremove' to clean up the "extra unneeded packages" messages.
+
 
+
One more upgrade:
+
 
+
<pre>
+
apt-get dist-upgrade (70 upgrade, 170 installs)
+
</pre>
+
 
+
During the dist-upgrade the locale errors change to 'locale: cannot set <x> to default locale: no such file or directory'. Now that everything's installed, we clean that up:
+
 
+
<pre>
+
dpkg-reconfigure locales (I used en_US.ISO-8859-1 and en_US.UTF-8 as that's what I need, changed default from en_US to en_US.UTF-8. Errors gone.)
+
vi /etc/apt/sources.list (removed lenny-backports)
+
apt-get update (updates, gives a missing key error)
+
gpg --recv-keys 4d270d06f42584e6 --keyserver http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian (errors first time, repeat and it succeeds)
+
gpg --export --armor f42584e6 | apt-key add -
+
apt-get update (no more key error)
+
apt-get upgrade/apt-get dist-upgrade/apt-get autoremove (should be nothing to install, autoremove cleans up a final few old packages)
+
</pre>
+
 
+
Note that you may have to change the key ID above from 4d270d06f42584e6 to your actual missing key, depending on your particular error. If so, be sure to change the export command to match the last 8 characters of the key you download.
+
 
+
Some final cleanup - reference the wiki's installation doc. This is listed at the end of the "Recommended" installation docs.
+
 
+
Edit /etc/network/interfaces, see if 'allow-hotplug eth0' is in there. Take it out if it is.
+
 
+
<pre>
+
apt-get install ifupdown-extra ifplugd
+
dpkg-reconfigure ifplugd
+
  "Static interfaces to be watched" - 'auto'
+
  "Hotplugged interfaces to be watched" - 'all'
+
  "arguments to ifplugd" - leave default
+
  "suspend behavior" - 'suspend'
+
Select OK to finish.
+
</pre>
+
 
+
'''*** IMPORTANT *** Before rebooting ***'''
+
 
+
- Check /etc/fstab for correctness. Mine was converted to UUIDs - change back to device paths or labels if you desire.
+
 
+
- Check palo.conf - the default debian install needs 'rootfstype=ext3' (or whatever you used) added after the 'root=' item. '''Run palo afterwards!''' If you miss this step, the system won't mount the root FS on reboot. You'll end up in busybox with no networking. At least you can mount the partitions, chroot in and fix things.
+
 
+
Reboot once more to bring up new kernel - should now be 3.13....
+
 
+
Congratulations - you've got a complete and up-to-date Debian-HPPA unstable system, which at this point does absolutely nothing, as we never actually installed anything useful (except the SSH server). So go ahead, install something and enjoy!
+
  
(notes by Tom Hogland <thogland@alaskatech.org>, Feb 2014)
+
: The installer images mentioned above pull the debian packages from the repositories at
 +
:: (for debian-7.0): http://parisc.osuosl.org/debian/
 +
:: (for debian-8.0): http://backup.parisc-linux.org/debian/
 +
: which contains only the minimal set of necessary files for installation.
 +
: This is realized by the ''preseed/url=http://parisc.osuosl.org/debian/preseed.cfg'' Linux kernel parameter which is hardcoded in the palo bootloader code in those images.
 +
: I would prefer to directly install from the official debian unstable repository at http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian/ but this is not possible, because:
 +
:# The debian ports repository is a moving target, which means that the Linux kernel udeb packages which are needed by the kernel on the ISO/liffile may not be available any longer at a later date, and
 +
:# The debian ports repository is missing the http://parisc.osuosl.org/debian/palo-installer_0.0.15_hppa.udeb and http://parisc.osuosl.org/debian/partman-palo_20_hppa.udeb packages which are needed to install the palo bootloader during installation.
 +
: The iso images were created with debian-cd, [[File:Debian-cd.diff.gz]] is the diff which was used to build them.
 +
: See [[How to create Debian unstable iso images]] on how the images were created.

Revision as of 20:04, 13 October 2019

Contents

Installation of PA-RISC Linux

In the middle you see our HP C8000 machine (sibaris) which acts as Debian buildd server and currently builds most of the hppa packages. An overview of all our build servers is at http://unstable.buildd.net/index-hppa.html

HPPA became an officially supported Debian architecture in release 3.0 (woody) and was dropped as of stable release 6.0 (squeeze). That's the reason that the latest available official installation CDs are available for Debian 5.0 (lenny) only.

The Debian ports project hosts a parisc version of debian unstable. Today the recommended installation of a new parisc machine is via the debian-ports unstable respository at http://debian-ports.org as described in the following section.

If you want to install debian the hard way with many manual steps, you can read the instructions at Debian_Ports_Installation_Manual.

Installation of Debian unstable via debian-ports repository

The latest installation medias for Debian unstable is available at either one of the following locations:

  1. http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian-cd/hppa/debian-8.0/
  2. http://backup.parisc-linux.org/debian-cd/
  3. http://parisc.osuosl.org/debian-cd/
  4. http://ftp.nz.parisc-linux.org/debian-cd/ (Debian 9 & 10 NZ mirror)
  5. http://ftp.ports.debian.org/debian-ports/pool-hppa/main/d/debian-installer/ (latest Netboot images)

In those directories you find (you need to download only one of those):

  • lifimage file, used for tftp/netbooting the installation
  • debian-8.0-hppa-NETINST-1.iso, ISO image to burn to a CD/DVD for booting
  • debian-8.0-hppa-CD-1.iso, full ISO image with all packages for booting via CD/DVD

Installation instructions

  • Instructions to burn the ISO image on a Mac: https://discussions.apple.com/thread/5132196
  • IMPORTANT: If your machine has a DVD-drive, you should better burn the image to a DVD disc. The first-generation DVD-drives in some older PA-RISC machines may have problems booting from e.g. a CD-RW so you may get this error message: IPL error: bad LIF magic.
  • Those images should work on all machines, with 32- and 64bit kernels. Installation of a C8000 workstation needs to happen via serial console since the install image will not activate the ATI graphics card. After installation the ATI cards will work in non-accelerated mode though.
  • If your machine is behind a firewall, enter the proxy at the IPL command line the Linux kernel command line (change parameter 7):
  mirror/http/proxy=http://proxy:8080   (adjust the proxy settings to your need and drop the underscores)
  • Choose the automatic disc partitioning, unless you know all details about disc partitions for PA-RISC (e.g. PALO bootloader needs ext2).
  • The palo bootloader needs to reside on a SCSI disc. The installer will detect SATA discs and will not complain if you install to a SATA disc!
  • At the "Software selection" screen,
    • for the debian 7.0 disc: do not enable any software other than "SSH server" . You can install additional software later!
    • for the debian 8.0 disc: You can choose to install the KDE-, LXDE-, MATE- or Xfce desktops, SSH, web- and print server. Do not choose to install the GNOME desktop since it will fail (we are still having problems to compile a recent-enough iceweasel on hppa!).
  • for the debian 7.0 disc:
    • When the installation finished, do not press "Continue" to reboot the machine, but instead choose "Go Back" and then in the main menu choose to execute a shell. In the shell type the following command to enable serial console (needed e.g. for boot console on GSP):
  echo "T0:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100" >> /target/etc/inittab
    • Type "exit" to quit the shell and return to the main menu.
    • In the main menu choose to "Finish the installation" and let it reboot the machine.

Notes:

  • Debian installer seem to use the well-known screen utility to implement multiple tabs on a serial console, so use its key combinations to switch tabs: Ctrl+A, then 1-4
  • When asked for Network mirror with the 10.0 installer, give ftp.ports.debian.org and /debian-ports/. (Avoidable when this Bug gets resolved: https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=879130).
  • After reboot add this line to /etc/apt/sources.list and run apt-get update:
  deb http://ftp.ports.debian.org/debian-ports unstable main
  • After reboot the sshd daemon will not accept password-logins for root. You need to log in as the user which you created during installation and then become root via "su -". To change this sshd behaviour, edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config file and change the value of PermitRootLogin to yes (not recommended!).
  • Install latest archive keys, and configure timezone and locales:
    • apt-get install debian-ports-archive-keyring - to receive the latest debian ports archive keys (avoids this warning: W: GPG error: http://ftp.debian-ports.org unstable InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY AA651E74623DB0B8 or A53AB45AC448326E)
    • dpkg-reconfigure locales
    • dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
  • We are happy to hear from you, if you installed PA-RISC Linux on your machine. Please send us a short mail to debian-hppa@lists.debian.org. Thanks!
  • If you install on a HP 712 workstation you may need the kernel option "hp_sdc.no_hpsdc=1" to avoid an endless loop of "HP SDC: Transaction add failed: transaction already queued ?" messages

IMPORTANT NOTE (only for the debian 7.0 installer image)

  • NEVER install the policykit-1 package or another one which will give you the following warning. It will render your machine unbootable!
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  sysvinit-core
  • The debian 8.0 installer image does successfully installs systemd if you like.

How to disable systemd and switch to sysvinit

Debian 8 installs systemd by default. There is no way around it.

So, if you want to switch back to sysvinit, e.g. if you do kernel developement without initrd, then first install Debian as described above. After the first boot follow those steps and finally reboot again.

  1. apt-get install sysvinit-core sysvinit sysvinit-utils
  2. if you are running on serial console, either make sure that a getty gets started on the ttyS0 device in /etc/inittab, or run this command:
echo "T0:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100" >> /target/etc/inittab

Futher instructions are on this external website: How to remove systemd from a Debian jessie/sid installation

Upgrade the kernel to latest stable kernel

After installation an old Linux kernel like 4.16 is installed. Newer Linux kernels run much more stable and faster.
To upgrade to the latest kernel, make sure you have this additional entry in /etc/apt/sources.list:

deb http://ftp.ports.debian.org/debian-ports unstable main

Then follow this steps:

  1. Run "apt update"
  2. You may run "apt search ^linux-image" to find available kernels
  3. Run "apt install linux-image-parisc64/unstable" (or linux-image-parisc/unstable for a 32-bit kernel)
  4. Make sure that /boot/vmlinux and /boot/initrd.img points to the new kernel and initrd
  5. Reboot

Technical background of the install images

The installer images mentioned above pull the debian packages from the repositories at
(for debian-7.0): http://parisc.osuosl.org/debian/
(for debian-8.0): http://backup.parisc-linux.org/debian/
which contains only the minimal set of necessary files for installation.
This is realized by the preseed/url=http://parisc.osuosl.org/debian/preseed.cfg Linux kernel parameter which is hardcoded in the palo bootloader code in those images.
I would prefer to directly install from the official debian unstable repository at http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian/ but this is not possible, because:
  1. The debian ports repository is a moving target, which means that the Linux kernel udeb packages which are needed by the kernel on the ISO/liffile may not be available any longer at a later date, and
  2. The debian ports repository is missing the http://parisc.osuosl.org/debian/palo-installer_0.0.15_hppa.udeb and http://parisc.osuosl.org/debian/partman-palo_20_hppa.udeb packages which are needed to install the palo bootloader during installation.
The iso images were created with debian-cd, File:Debian-cd.diff.gz is the diff which was used to build them.
See How to create Debian unstable iso images on how the images were created.
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