Debian Ports Installation

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Installation of PA-RISC Linux

HPPA became an officially supported Debian architecture in release 3.0 (woody) and was dropped as of stable release 6.0 (squeeze). That's the reason that the latest available official installation CDs are available for Debian 5.0 (lenny) only.

The Debian ports project hosts a parisc version of debian unstable. Today the recommended installation of a new parisc machine is via the debian-ports respository at http://debian-ports.org

Recommended: Installation of a PARISC machine via repository on http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian

  • *NOTE:* On PA8800/PA8900 and some PA8700 CPUs you may see kernel messages like: INEQUIVALENT ALIASES 0x40288000 and 0x40289000 in file xxx.so. Just ignore this. Those messages are printed because the lifimage is based on older binaries which would need to be rebuilt.
  • Download the temporary boot image from http://debian-ports.org/~deller/DEBIAN_PORTS_HPPA_BOOTIMAGE/lifimage
  • Burn the image to a cdrom *or* make it available as tftp bootimage, *or* if you have a spare disc drive in the machine you can just "dd" this image (e.g. "dd if=lifimage of=/dev/sdb") to this drive and boot from it.
  • Turn on your parisc machine and boot this media (via cdrom or tftp)
  • This bootimage contains all tools (32- and 64bit bootkernel, fdisk, debootstrap, palo, scp, ...) to bootstrap a new debian unstable machine.
  • use fdisk to partition your disk. Create a palo partition first (fdisk type f0, size >= 50 MB), then a /boot partition (needs to be in the first 2GB of a disk, ext2, fdisk type 83). A good size for the boot partition is 200-400 MB. Then create a root partition (any size) and a swap partition. Here is an example what "fdisk -l" could report (The Start and End sectors here are just examples. They can be different on your system) If you have multiple drives and would like to put your '/home', '/var', or other partition (including extra swap space) on a second internal drive, you may set them up accordingly with 'fdisk /dev/sdb' (or whatever drive is suitable):
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1            2048      165887       81920   f0  Linux/PA-RISC boot
/dev/sda2          165888      247807       40960   83  Linux
/dev/sda3          247808   142854143    71303168   83  Linux
/dev/sda4       142854144   143374737      260297   82  Linux swap / Solaris
  • format the /boot, /root, /home, etc. and swap partitions. We give those partitions a name (BOOT/ROOT/HOME/(etc.)) to make it easier. You may also assign labels to your swap partitions to make sure the OS sees them properly and to make it easier to setup /etc/fstab (explained later), e.g. mkswap -L SWAP0 or SWAP1, etc.
mke2fs -L BOOT /dev/sda2
mke2fs -j -L ROOT /dev/sda3
mke2fs -j -L HOME /dev/sdb1 ...and so on.
mkswap /dev/sda4 or mkswap -L SWAP0
  • Now, bring up your network. If you have a dhcp server you can run dhclient
dhclient eth0
  • Mount the newly designed /root, /boot, /home, and other necessary filesystems to /mnt/destroot, /mnt/destroot/boot, /mnt/destroot/home, etc.:
mount LABEL=ROOT /mnt/destroot/
mkdir /mnt/destroot/boot then mkdir /mnt/destroot/home and any other filesystems that need to be mounted at the next boot.
mount LABEL=BOOT /mnt/destroot/boot/ mount LABEL=HOME /mnt/destroot/home/, etc.
  • IMPORTANT!: If you are behind a proxy server, you will need to create a /root/.wgetrc file and export the proxy setting on the command line. Here is an example:
export http_proxy=http://proxy:8080
echo "http_proxy=$http_proxy" > /root/.wgetrc
echo "use_proxy = on" >> /root/.wgetrc
  • Now run debootstrap. This may take some time... (10-20 minutes depending on your connection speed):
debootstrap --arch=hppa --no-check-gpg  unstable  /mnt/destroot http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian/
  • copy over the palo package from the boot image to the new filesystem and create 'palo.conf'
cp /palo*deb /mnt/destroot
touch /mnt/destroot/etc/palo.conf
  • IMPORTANT!: If you install via GSP console or via a serial console, please remember to un-comment the following line in /etc/inittab or you won't see a login prompt on the serial console after bootup (kill -HUP 1 activates the change):
echo "T0:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100" >> /mnt/destroot/etc/inittab
  • IMPORTANT!: Remember to set your new root password and add LABEL=BOOT as /boot partition and also set your hostname.
 
echo "LABEL=ROOT     /      ext3 defaults 1 1" >> /mnt/destroot/etc/fstab
echo "LABEL=BOOT     /boot  ext2 defaults 1 1" >> /mnt/destroot/etc/fstab
echo "LABEL=HOME     /home  ext3 defaults 0 2" >> /mnt/destroot/etc/fstab
echo "LABEL=SWAP0     none  swap sw,pri=3 0 0" >> /mnt/destroot/etc/fstab
..and so forth for other necessary partitions.

(You may also use 'nano' to edit /mnt/destroot/etc/fstab directly if desired)

chroot /mnt/destroot
passwd root
<enter your new password for the 'root' user>
Type 'exit' to get out of the chroot.

echo "your hostname" >> /mnt/destroot/etc/hostname and edit /mnt/destroot/etc/hosts
  • You are now finished with the initial initialization of the filesystem.
  • You may now run the blkid command to take a look at your partitions.
blkid
  • Now reboot again from the CD/TFTP and choose to interact with IPL.
reboot now
 <wait...> 
Interact with IPL (Y, N, or Cancel)?> y
  • Press "0" to change the "0/vmlinux" line, and replace this line by "0/vmlinux64" to boot the 64bit kernel or "0/vmlinux32 on 32 bit machines.
0/vmlinux64 (64 Bit) or 0/vmlinux32 (32 Bit)
  • Press "1" to change the "initrd=0/ramdisk" line, replace this line by "root=/dev/sda3" (look at the output of blkid above):
root=/dev/sda3
  • and then press "b" to boot this configuration.
  • The machine should now have booted into the shell on /dev/sda3. If you see that it booted up, but you don't get a login shell, then you forgot to enable the serial terminal (see the IMPORTANT section with the "getty" line above!)
  • Login as 'root' with your new password. You can use tools like blkid, mount and such to see if everything is correct.
  • Install the most recent 32- or 64-bit Linux kernel and install the palo bootloader (See networking bug workaround below):
  • First of all: make sure the boot partition is mounted correctly
mount LABEL=BOOT /boot
  • Networking bug Work-around: Due to a minor bug, networking doesn't start automatically, and the RSA keys for debian-ports.org are not available. Here is the current solution:
Type 'dhclient eth0' to re-start the network

then: gpg --recv-keys AA651E74623DB0B8 --keyserver http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian

(It will error out the first time, so just run the above command again and it will import keys.)

then: gpg --export --armor 623DB0B8 | apt-key add -

Now you can successfully run - 'aptitude update' and
aptitude install openssh-server locales localepurge console-setup debian-ports-archive-keyring
dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
dpkg-reconfigure locales
dpkg-reconfigure console-setup
  • Install 'palo'
dpkg -i /palo*deb
  • and select your new kernel...
aptitude install linux-image-parisc64-smp   # for a 64bit SMP kernel
(or)
aptitude install linux-image-parisc         # for a 32bit UP kernel
  • Don't forget to set up your symlinks in /boot
cd /boot
ln -s initrd* initrd.img
ln -s vmlinux* vmlinux
  • Now you can run the palo configuration:
palo --init-partitioned=/dev/sda -k/boot/vmlinux -r/boot/initrd.img --commandline=
"2/vmlinux initrd=2/initrd.img root=LABEL=ROOT rootfstype=ext3  HOME=/ panic_timeout=60 panic=-1"
  • Reboot now and HPPA Linux should now load from the hard drive.
  • At this time you can install a couple handy utilities to make sure your network always starts on boot, and your hotplug devices load properly (external USB drives, etc.). First run: nano /etc/network/interfaces and add the following lines. Do this for any additional interfaces leaving a blank line between each one.
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback (This brings up the local loopback network 'lo' on system boot)
iface eth0 inet dhcp   (This will bring up eth0 when the system is booted.. (don't add 
'allow-hotplug eth0', as this will interfere with 'ifplugd' later).
  • Re-start your network:
dhclient eth0
  • Now for ifupdown-extra and ifplugd
aptitude install ifupdown-extra ifplugd
Run: dpkg-reconfigure ifplugd
Use 'auto' (no quotes) as the "static interfaces to be watched by ifplugd". 
Select 'OK' to go to the next screen.
Use 'all' (no quotes) as the "hotplugged interfaces to be watched by ifplugd". 
Select 'OK' to go to the next screen.
In the 'arguments to ifplugd' screen you can stick to the defaults unless 
there is a problem with the daemon.
Select 'OK' to go to the next screen for 'suspend behavior' Select 'suspend' 
to compensate for any broken net drivers.
Select 'OK' to finish

Type: 'service networking stop' and then 'service networking start' (no quotes) to reload all daemons.

You can check interface and connectivity status by typing: 'network-test' (no quotes)
  • For more detailed networking info, look HERE.
  • ...and that's it! ifplugd has the added advantage of automatically detecting external USB drives at boot time also.
  • Now add more packages and have fun!

--Dave Land (talk) 13:48, 14 January 2014 (UTC)

New installation media (Debian unstable via debian-ports)

As of February 2014, Helge is currently working on getting a netboot install-CD working with debian-ports.

A pre-release version of this install media is available at http://debian-ports.org/~deller/NETINST_CD_TRY4/

Since palo (our bootloader program) isn't in the unstable repository yet, the installation with this image will not help you to get a bootable system installed.

Old installation medias (Debian Lenny)

If you have an older parisc system (not a c8000!), you may use the Debian Lenny installation media to upgrade.

  • Download one of the installation medias for Debian 5.0 (lenny) for parisc from the following location:
  • The debian-5010-hppa-netinst.iso or the debian-5010-hppa-xfce+lxde-CD-1.iso may work.
  • Install Debian Linux. It's recommended to just install a minimalistic set of packages at this stage, since everything will be updated later to debian-unstable anyway. Furthermore, every installed package may prevent you from easily upgrading.
  • After installation you should upgrade to debian-unstable via the debian-ports repository:
  • Modify your /etc/apt/sources.list file to have this content:
deb http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian unstable main
# For unstable sources, if you want to compile yourself:
deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free  
  • Important! Make sure you run a recent Linux kernel, at least 2.6.32. If possible upgrade to at least kernel 3.9 which seems to be the most stable release.
  • A very good set of documenation which covers PARISC specifics (e.g. PARISC bootloader and firmware) is available at http://www.pateam.org/parisc-linux-boot/doc.html.
  • Packages in the debian-ports repository are signed. You can bypass this temporarily using the following: (This will instruct apt to pull the latest package list.)
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated update
  • To upgrade your packages:
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated upgrade
  • You might want to get the latest version of the debian-ports-archive-keyring and a few other important packages if you don't already have them:
apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install openssh-server locales debian-ports-archive-keyring
  • ...and then set your current locale
dpkg-reconfigure locales

Re-boot Now

  • If you run into issues during upgrading packages, e.g. by strange dependency problems, it's often helpful to just un-install some packages.
  • Finally, you should be able to update/upgrade most packages & your kernel to a more recent (unstable) version. If you're missing some packages, please drop us an email on the mailing list HERE.


Old installation medias (Debian Lenny) - notes by Tom Hogland <thogland@alaskatech.org>

This was written from notes taken while installing Debian on a C180. It refused to use the lifimage (as of Feb 2014) so I used the Lenny (5.0.10) CD method (specifically the full Lenny CD1). Note that the wiki is slightly incomplete, or out of date - there are packages needed that aren't accessible any longer, old repositories missing, etc.

I'd highly recommend having another system nearby to refence the install instructions. I kept a laptop next to the console so I could use Google, refence the wiki, etc. Once Lenny is installed, moving to a SSH session is MUCH easier - you can cut/paste into it, rather than typing all the download names.

To upgrade from Debian Lenny 5.0.10 to debian-ports.org unstable:

From console: Follow parisc.wiki.kernel.org for basic Lenny install. DON'T install any 'roles' when prompted - de-select the 'standard system' role. Everything installed at this point causes problems later. Install openssh-server (and suggested).

(Move to working system with a browser - there's several manual downloads, and cut/paste is your friend, not the console... )

Add new sources:

'deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-backports/ lenny-backports main contrib non-free'
'deb http://archive.debian.org/debian/ lenny main contrib non-free'

(this gets *everything* in lenny into your package list, not just the CD)

apt-get update, upgrade, dist-upgrade

(should be nothing or not much)

Download these using wget:

http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian-snapshot/2013-08-01/pool-hppa/main/d/dpkg/dpkg_1.15.8.10_hppa.deb
http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian-snapshot/2013-08-01/pool-hppa/main/x/xz-utils/liblzma2_5.0.0-2_hppa.deb
http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian-snapshot/2013-08-01/pool-hppa/main/x/xz-utils/xz-utils_5.0.0-2_hppa.deb

(Note that these may change - you may have to browse in debian-snapshot to find a current path.)

Install in this order: 'dpkg -i liblzma2*.deb xz-utils*.deb dpkg*.deb'

Download these using wget:

http://archive.debian.org/debian-backports/pool/main/l/linux-2.6/linux-base_2.6.32-35~bpo50+1_all.deb
http://archive.debian.org/debian-backports/pool/main/l/linux-2.6/linux-image-2.6.32-bpo.4-parisc_2.6.32-11~bpo50+1_hppa.deb
(or parisc-smp, parisc64, parisc64-smp for linux-image - pick appropriately for your system)

To install:

'apt-get install libuuid-perl' (needed for new kernel)
'dpkg -i linux-base*.deb linux-image*.deb'

(may be a few errors, but should still install cleanly)

Reboot - should have a base system with kernel 2.6.32 and SSH server.

Add unstable source from wiki:

'deb http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian unstable main'

(Note - at some point after here you may start getting locale errors, and that it's falling back to using 'C'. Shouldn't break anything, and we'll fix it later.)

'apt-get --allow-unauthenticated update'
'apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install debian-ports-archive-keyring' (to fix the unauthenticated source error)

(downloads 30+MB of updates plus the 17kb file you asked for)

(Error about an old ldconfig comes up here, apt disables ldconfig with message "don't worry - we'll install a new libc-bin and it'll fix it". then things stop with errors, since libc-bin isn't what's being installed...)

'cd /var/cache/apt/archive'
'apt-get download libc-bin'
dpkg -x libc-bin*.deb libcbin/'
'cp libcbin/sbin/ldconfig* /sbin/'
'apt-get -f install' (lots of errors, but gets past them)
'apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install debian-ports-archive-keyring' (try again - and fails again)
'apt-get -f install'
(more stuff installs - next error is that user 'libuuid' exists already... this breaks the libuuid1 upgrade and stops the install)
'deluser libuuid'
'apt-get -f install'
(no more errors!)
'apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install debian-ports-archive-keyring' (yes, again - still not installed yet. Works this time though)
(errors that Release file for lenny-backports is expired. Can use 'apt-get -o Acquire::Check-Valid-Until=false update', or ignore, or even remove from sources.list - I ignored it, as we won't update again for a while.)

(and finally...)

'apt-get update'
'apt-get upgrade' (100+ packages)
(I got a ldd error here during install of initrd-tools - had to 'apt-get install --reinstall libc-bin' and it cleared up)
'apt-get upgrade' (nothing)

(I kept getting messages about extra unneeded packages, starting at the ldconfig fix - at this point I did 'apt-get autoremove' to clean it up)

'apt-get dist-upgrade' (70 upgrade, 170 installs)

(During the dist-upgrade the locale errors change to 'locale: cannot set <x> to default locale: no such file or directory'. Now that everything's installed...)

'dpkg-reconfigure locales' (I used en_US.ISO-8859-1 and en_US.UTF-8 as that's me, changed default from en_US to en_US.UTF-8. Errors gone.)
'vi /etc/apt/sources.list' (removed lenny-backports)
'apt-get update' (updates, gives missing key error)
'gpg --recv-keys 4d270d06f42584e6 --keyserver http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian' (errors first time, repeat and it succeeds)
'gpg --export --armor f42584e6 | apt-key add -' 
'apt-get update' (no more key error)
'apt-get upgrade'/'apt-get dist-upgrade'/'apt-get autoremove' (should be nothing to install, autoremove cleans up a final few old packages)

Some final cleanup - reference the wiki's installation doc. This is listed at the end of the "Recommended" installation docs. edit /etc/network/interfaces, see if 'allow-hotplug eth0' is in there. Take it out if it is.

'apt-get install ifupdown-extra ifplugd'
'dpkg-reconfigure ifplugd'
"Static interfaces to be watched" - 'auto'
"Hotplugged interfaces to be watched" - 'all'
"arguments to ifplugd" - leave default
"suspend behavior" - 'suspend'
Select OK to finish.

Before rebooting - check /etc/fstab for correctness. Mine was converted to UUIDs - change back if you desire.

Check palo.conf - the default debian install needs 'rootfstype=ext3' (or whatever you used) added after the 'root=' item. Run palo afterwards. (I missed this step, and the system won't mount the root FS on reboot - you end up in busybox with no networking. At least you can mount the partitions, chroot in and fix things.

Reboot once more to bring up new kernel - should now be 3.13....

(notes by Tom Hogland <thogland@alaskatech.org>, Feb 2014)

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